光合电子传递分段反应的测定

光合电子传递photosynthetic electron transport

光合作用中，受光激发推动的电子从H2O到辅酶Ⅱ（NADP+）的传递过程。光合色素吸收光能后，把能量聚集到反应中心，一种特殊状态的叶绿素a分子，引起电荷分离和光化学反应。一方面将水氧化，放出氧气；另一方面把电子传递给辅酶Ⅱ（NADP+），将它还原成NADPH，其间经过一系列中间（电子）载体。绿色植物中，光合电子传递由两个光反应系统相互配合来完成。一个是吸收远红光的特殊叶绿素a分子，最大吸收峰在700nm处，称为P700。由P700和其他辅助复合物组成的光反应系统，称光系统I（PSI）。

另一个是吸收红光的特殊叶绿素a分子，其吸收峰在680nm处，称为P680。由P680和其他辅助复合物组成的光反应系统，称光系统Ⅱ（PSⅡ）。两个光系统之间由细胞色素b6-f和铁硫蛋白组成的复合物连接。在外加人工电子受体和供体的情况，光合链上的电子传递可分段进行。电子传递可偶联氧的产生（水的光解）或消耗（O2作电子受体）。因此可用氧电极测定加入不同电子供体和受体之后氧气的变化反映光合电子传递的分段反应。

上图是光合电子传递模式图。红色字体：DPC、DCBQ、DCP和MV代表人工电子受体和供体。DCMU是电子从PSII传递到PQ库的抑制剂。1、从水到甲基紫精（MV）的电子传递（耗O2反应：每传递4个电子消耗1个O2，终产物为H2O2）2、从二氯酚靛酚（DCPIP）到甲基紫精的电子传递（耗O2反应：每传递一个电子消耗1个O2）。3、从水到对二氯苯醌DCBQ的电子传递（放氧反应：每传递4个电子释放1个O2）。4、从二苯卡巴肼（DPC）到甲基紫精的电子传递（耗氧反应：传递1个电子消耗1个O2）。下表是测定光合电子传递分段反应所需的体系和试剂：

注意！！！由于实验样品和条件的差异，测定光合电子传递分段反应所使用的人工电子供体、受体以及反应体系会有所不同，具体试剂和体系请根据实际情况选定。

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